Sanjay Pandey
AIIMS Patna | India
Title: Socio- Demographic determinants of childhood immunization coverage in rural area of Bhojpur district of Bihar, India
Biography
Biography: Sanjay Pandey
Abstract
Routine immunization is one of the most cost- effective public health intervention. Avoidable sickness, disabilities and death among under-5 children, adolescent and pregnant female are prevented by immunization against some specific diseases. The percentage fully immunized children was 69.9% in Bihar, India. Immunization coverage is also associated with various socio demographic factors.
Objectives: To assess the immunization coverage among children and to identify socio-demographic factors associated with it in rural areas of Bhojpur district.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas of bhojpur district during January to May 2015. Two stage cluster sampling was done in the study area. 36 villages were selected randomly as primary selection units and within each village 10 children of age 12-36 months were selected from the sampling frame of all eligible children in selected village. A predesigned, pretested checklist was used by the trained investigators during their visits.
Results: A total of 360 children of age 12-36 months were included in the study, of which 65% were fully immunized, 33.9% were partially immunized and 1.1% were not immunized at all. The odds of full immunization (OR, 95% CI,) were lower in hindu community (0.44 (0.20 - 0.99)). The odds of full immunization were higher in general (1.40 (1.10 - 1.79)) and OBC category (1.98 (1.19 - 3.29)), literate father (2.22 (1.33 - 3.72)) and in children with Birth order ≤2 (1.74 (1.11 - 2.71)). Logistic regression model for mother’s education (AOR= 2.28 (1.28-4.05)) and children born in a health facility (AOR= 29.04 (10.75-78.43)) had shown strong association with full Immunization.
Conclusion: Immunisation coverage in this area was lower. Literacy of parents is important for full immunization of children. Other socio- demographic factors like caste, birth order and place of birth were also important factor for lower rate of full immunization. Economic status has no effect in immunization coverage. There is need and scope of more focussed health education efforts towards parents regarding immunizing services.