2nd World Congress on Public Health and Nutrition March 22-23, 2017 Rome, Italy

Nutritionnist-Reasercher in Nutrition/Health at University Felix Houphouet Boigny Abidjan Ivory Coast, Expert Consultant Trainer at the Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene of Ivory Coast, Consultant Country in Nutrition, Consultant Trainer International in Nutrition at Bioforce Afrique, specialist in Nutrition public Health, Author of 8 articles, 3 communications and a book in Nutrition/Health (Title : Weaning flour and malnutrition in Developing Countries published in European Academic Editions online on AMAZON), corrector of articles at science PG group ( Issue Malnutrition in Developing Countries)

Introduction: Specialized food products (SFP) such as PlumpyNut, Sup Plumpy and Corn Soya Blend are unequally distributed in areas with high prevalence of malnutrition in Ivory Coast. Services providing these products often experience shortages that not only endanger children who are undergoing nutritional treatment and especially those who should have access to them. One of the reasons for these breaks is the shortage of the raw materials necessary for the manufacture of these products. The diversification of these raw materials is therefore a way to explore. This study aims to evaluate the nutritional performance of diets based on local products in the nutritional management of malnourished rats. Material and methods: The experiment was carried out in two stages: Rats are fed for 10 days with the \"Anagobaka\" to induce malnutrition, The nutritional rehabilitation of the malnourished rats was then carried out, for 21 days, with different regimes:Plumpynut control; Soybean maize (SOMA);Rice fish (POIRI); Pistachio rice (PIRI); Cowpea soybean millet (NISOMI); Cowpea soybean sorghum (NISOSO);At the end of the experiment, dry matter intake (DMI), total intake protein (TIP), weight gain (WG), Food Efficiency Factor (FEF) and protein coefficient ) of the different regimes are determined and compared with one another. Results: The MSI of the diets varied between 7.01 ± 0.93 and 5.45 ± 0.16 g / d. The highest MSI value was observed in SOMA and the lowest in PIRI. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed between POIRI, PIRI, NISOSO, NISOMI and plumpynut for MSI. Protein ingestion levels of SOMA, POIRI, NISOSO, control, NISOMI and PIRI ranged from 1.04 ± 0.43 to 0.83 ± 0.2 g / d. The control diets, POIRI, NISOSO, NISOMI and PIRI showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). The malnourished rats submitted to the different rehabilitation regimes have all regained weight. The growth performances of the registered SOMA, POIRI, Control, PIRI, NISOMI and NISOSO regimes were respectively 2.82, 0.73 g / d; 2.69, 70.85 g / day; 2.64 ± 0.61 g / d; 2.03 ± 0.48 g / d; 1.99 ± 0.72 g / d and 1.89 ± 0.29 g / d. The mean weight gain of the diets showed no significant difference compared to the control (p > 0.05). The Food Efficiency Factor for diets varied between 0.45 ± 0.05 and 0.33 ± 0.06 while PEs ranged from 2.90 ± 0.11 to 2.05 ± 0.39. The control diets, POIRI and SOMA showed no significant difference for the FEF and for the PEC (p > 0.05).Conclusion: The DMI, TPI, WG, FEF and PEC have allowed the evaluation of the growth performance of malnourished rats under different regimes. The results indicate that experimental diets have similar or even better performances than plumpynut. The most efficient regime is soybean maize (SOMA). Further studies are needed to verify whether the consumption of these diets has no pathological consequences for the regulating organs of nutrition.

Zhinzela Qyli has completed the Faculty of Medicine and specialization in Microbiology in the University of Tirana, Albania. She is lecture in the Nursing Department of Fan S Noli University, Korca and is following the doctoral school in the Faculty of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania.

Statement of the problem: Nosocomial infections are a major world public health problem. Infectious agents transmitted during healthcare derive primarily from human sources but inanimate environmental sources also are implicated in transmission. The purpose of this study is to estimate the microbiological pollution levels of samples taken from the environments of the Regional Hospital of Korca, Albania. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: This is a study of the potential bacterial reservoirs in the Hospital of Korca. A total of 1701 samples were taken from different wards of the hospital. 316 samples were taken from the sterilized materials, 184 samples from the laundries, 238 samples from the healthcare workers, 640 samples from the surfaces, 135 samples from air and 188 samples from the systems of intubation-aspiration-oxygen. The samples were cultured in Blood and Sabouraud agar. The microbial identification was done with microscopy after Gram coloration, colonies morphology and biochemistry. Findings: Resulted positive for microbial contamination 30 (9.5%) of samples taken from the sterilized materials, 56 ( 30.4%) of samples from the laundries, 79 ( 33.2%) of samples from healthcare workers, 174 ( 27.2%) of samples from the surfaces, 8(5.9%) of samples from air and 46 (24.5%) of samples from the systems of intubation-aspiration-oxygen. Conclusion & Significance: Samples with higher percentage of microbial contamination resulted from the samples of health care workers. Recommendations: Health care workers must be sensitized on public health risk of nosocomial infections associated with their contaminated hands, clothing and nose-throat.

Undram Mandakh is PhD candidate with particular interest in global child health, child nutrition and family medicine. For last 3 years she has been working on association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and childhood overweight. She works at Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences as faculty member. She holds a master’s degree in public health and bachelor in medicine from the Health Sciences University of Mongolia.

Statement of the Problem: consumption of SSB has been increasing, due to urbanization and heavy marketing in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended to reduce intake of free sugars throughout one’s life course and to reduce intake of free sugars to less than 10% of total energy intake. In the case of Mongolia, currently there is no study that has investigated total intake of water and beverages, daily beverage intake composition, and the association between weight status and consumption of SSB. The aim of this study was to examine how consumption of SSB affects the body weight of children and adolescents in Mongolia. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: A cross sectional survey was conducted between 2015 and 2016. A group of 353 relatively healthy children and adolescents aged 6-16 were selected from ger districts of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Chi-squared analysis was conducted to evaluate the association of categorical variables with body mass index (BMI) z-score subgroups. T-test or two-way ANOVA was performed to compare means. Beverage consumption was presented as means with standard deviation (SD) among sex and age groups. Findings: The data from 347 children and adolescents were analyzed. Boys represented 50.1% (n =174) and the mean age ± SD was 10.0 ± 2.9 years. Tea was the main beverage type in all age and sex groups compared to other types of beverages. Girls aged between 10 and 13 years old had the highest consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). And there was a markedly high consumption of SSB among overweight and obese children. Conclusion & Significance: Significantly higher consumption of SSB was seen among overweight and obese children. Detailed household and school-based observational and interventional studies should be performed using these findings to help policy makers to make evidence-based decisions about SSB.

Petra Krajačić is PhD student at Faculty of science (Department of Biology, Zagreb University , Croatia). In her dissertation she conducted an association study of four most important polymorphisms of longevity genes (p53, IL-6, TNF, SIRT1) and diverse phenotypic traits, like motility, independence, life satisfaction and the presence of age- related desease, of 325 very old age people (85+).This research is a part of a Complex traits variation and health in children, adults and centenarians project founded by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports.

The p53 tumor suppressor protein, often termed the genome’s guardian, has a critical role in cell cycle, apoptosis, cell senescence, DNA repair and metabolism. Animal and human studies have identified TP53 gene as one of the most important candidate genes involved in longevity. Here, we investigated the associations of Arg72Pro polymorphism of TP53 gene with indicators of biological age in 324 people aged 85+ yrs. Univariate and multivariate analyses of wide spectrum of variables associated with health status included noninvasive biometric measurements, biochemical blood tests and self-rated health. In univariate analyses Arg/Arg was related with higher body mass (skinfold thickness, upper arm and waist circumferences) and with higher fasting blood glucose. T-test, ANOVA/PostHoc test results showed a significant positive association of Arg/Arg genotype with anthropometric nutritional status variables as well as with fasting glucose level (cardiovascular risk factors) in elderly men but not in women. Sex-specific principal component analysis encompassing 40 variables extracted four significant factors, among which the first factor represented body mass and composition while the second one represented general health. Although the two factors had almost identical structure in both sexes, the t-test (p = 0.031), ANOVA (p = 0.046) and PostHoc test (p=0.018) revealed significant association of Arg72Pro polymorphism only with the factor of general health in men, indicating that Arg/Arg was the risk and Arg/Pro was the protective genotype. Namely, Arg/Pro heterozygote carriers had better scores in personal independence, motility and self-rated health, suffered less from chronic and acute illness and used fewer medications. We suggest that further research should also be directed towards the investigation of gender specific influence of TP53 gene on different health-related traits. In conclusion, our results indicate the role of Arg72Pro polymorphism in health-related traits in men of very old age, but its role in longevity remains to be elucidated.

Petra Krajačić is PhD student at Faculty of science (Department of Biology, Zagreb University , Croatia). In her dissertation she conducted an association study of four most important polymorphisms of longevity genes (p53, IL-6, TNF, SIRT1) and diverse phenotypic traits, like motility, independence, life satisfaction and the presence of age- related desease, of 325 very old age people (85+).This research is a part of a Complex traits variation and health in children, adults and centenarians project founded by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports.

Increases in serum cytokine IL-6 have been proposed as a reliable marker of functional decline, morbidity and mortality in old age. The results of studies exploring the role of rs1800795 polymorphism of IL-6 gene in longevity have however been conflicting. The aim of this study was to test the association between the rs1800795 and indicators of biological age in 324 oldest old people living in institutions (85-101 yrs). Analysis of a wide spectrum of variables associated with health status included noninvasive biometric measurements (anthropometry, blood pressure measurement, ultrasound bone densitometry), common biochemical blood tests (lipid, glycemic and protein status) and self-rated health. Altogether 41 variables were entered into the principal component analysis (PCA), which resulted in the extraction of four significant factors, among which the first factor represents body mass and composition, the second one represents sex differences, while the third one represents general health. This study revealed a significant association of rs1800795 with the factor of general health in Croatian elderly sample indicating that the high IL-6 producer genotype (GG) carriers have better scores in personal independence, motility and self-rated health, suffer less from chronic and acute illness and use fewer medications. In conclusion, significant association of rs1800795 polymorphism with biological age variables in the 85+ year olds indicates a pleiotropic effect of IL-6 gene on human health. Targeted studies are needed to explore further this relation in different elderly populations.

Galina Semikova graduated in 2015 from the First Pavlov State Medical University of Saint Petersburg, Russia, with the specialization in endocrinology. Area of interests is metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, cardioprotection, system of incretins, bariatric surgery. She actively uses as pathological conditions experimental approaches to ischemia and reperfusion on in vivo and ex vivo models, on the isolated heart and has experience in the evaluation of cardioprotective effects of gastrointestinal peptides. In addition, in the course of training in the Laboratory of Nutrition physiology in Pavlov Institute of Physiology, RAS, she got experience in the use of the method for assessing intestinal glucose absorption ability in vivo (in the absence of anesthesia and surgical trauma).

Statement of the Problem: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is one of the most common diseases in the world. Bariatric surgery is widely used to reduce the adverse effects of type 2 diabetes. However, the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes without the expressed obesity remains in question. To solve this problem, research is needed on animals to evaluate the effect of various bariatric procedures on carbohydrate metabolism in normal conditions and in experimental diabetes type 2. The aim of this study is to compare in the experiments on rats the influence of various bariatric procedures on body weight and glucose absorption in the small intestine, with estimation of different mechanisms of this process.rnMethodology & Theoretical Orientation: The rats were subjected to the surgeries for resection of the stomach, bypass of the foregut, ileal interposition and sham operation (laparotomy). Animal body weights and glucose absorption were measured 4 months after surgeries. Glucose absorption was assessed using a test, based on measurements of the rate of free consumption of concentrated glucose solution by fasted rats. Active transport of glucose in the small intestine was assessed using the everted intestinal sacs.rnFindings: In the case of the ileal transposition, the highest absorption of glucose was observed, along with reduced body weight of the animals. Active transport of glucose was increased in the enterocytes of the lower parts of the small intestine after the bypass of the foregut and the ileal transposition.rnConclusion & Significance: The changing of body weight and glucose absorption in the small intestine has specific features for different bariatric procedures. The data obtained are important to assess the impact of different bariatric procedures on carbohydrate metabolism and to develop the effective surgical approaches for the treatment of Type II diabetes in patients without the expressed obesity.