Biography:

Pratibha. B. Desai, M.A. (Sociology), UGC-NET (Sociology), SET (Sociology) and Ph.D. (Sociology) is working as Assistant Professor in Department of Sociology, Shivaji University, and Kolhapur. (Maharashtra State, India). Specializations of author are Gender and Society, Sociology of Development, Health, Population and Rural Sociology. She has 15 yrs. of teaching and research experience. She has guided PG research projects. She has recognition to guide for doctoral students of Sociology of Shivaji University, Kolhapur and three research students are awarded and four are working for doctoral thesis.

She has completed twelve research projects of funding agencies such as UGC, ICSSR and State Women Commission more than 60 and presented more than 55 papers at various national and international workshops, seminars and conferences and published 37 research papers/articles in journals, e-journals, proceedings and books of repute with ISBN and ISSN number at national and international level. She also published four books with ISBN number.

Abstract:

Statement of Problem: Health is a pre-requisite component of well-being and development of any individual as well society. Health should be considered a fundamental human right and attainment of highest level of health is a most important social goal. The Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) are the one important community health workers under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). There are about 846,309 ASHAs in the country and approximately one ASHA per 1000 population in the rural areas. India including all over World is facing the pandemic COVID-19 and virus spreading throughout the World and changes entire social system.

In India COVID-19 warriors doctors, nurses, health care takers and ASHAs are fighting the day and night against this pandemic. In rural India ASHAs are frontline workers in the fight against COVID-19 in the national capital. In this pandemic situation they are taking personal risk to prevent COVID-19. ASHAs are conducting door to door survey to screen people for COVID-19 symptoms during a nation-wide lockdown. It is very important to understand their role in preventing and managing pandemic as frontline workers. So the present study lights their role and problems they are facing in this time of pandemic.

Theoretical Orientation: The objectives of study are to under the role of ASHAs in preventing and managing the COVID-19 pandemic and to study the problems faced by ASHAs while preventing and managing the COVID.  The Hypothesis of study are due to overloaded ASHAs are facing health problems and COVID-19 pandemic had adversely effects on family. The present study is based on empirical data collected from field work. Empirical cum descriptive research design was used for the present study. Data was collected from interview schedule and informal discussion with ASHAs and key informants. There are total ASHAs are working in Western Maharashtra. Out of total ASHAs, 1229 forty percentage (40%) ASHAs i.e. 493 were selected for present study by using random sampling technique.

Conclusion and Significance: ASHAs are particularly known for maternal health care in rural India but now they had become the front warriors in the fight of covid-19 and with taking risk they are working for day and nights. But still they are giving meager payment and non-cooperation with community. They are also one of important vulnerable human resource in health work force. We should know that they are paraprofessional and filling the gap of shortage of health force. These issues are addressed in this present study.

Biography:

Binu Joe is President of Nursing Scholar Society and Prof. Cum principal in Christ College of nursing, madhapar, Rajkot, Gujarat. He is registered as professional nurse having 14 years of experience and Completed his graduation from KLES, Belgaum 2004, and Post-graduation from Vinayaka Missions University Salem in 2009. He is a gold medalist in M.Sc. Nursing (Child Health Nursing) from Vinayaka Mission. He has done a diploma in naturopathy and yoga diploma in computer application in Salem University.

Abstract:

Background: Nomophobia a very serious and an emerging disorder which is one of the fast spreading global disorders which is neglected and not taken seriously among the young adolescents. Nomophobia refers to no mobile phone fear which is also known has fear of being without mobile phone. Previously in the nineties the mobile phone was considered to be a product of luxury among the upper class and rich business class peoples of the society. Nowadays in this current pandemic scenario the life has totally changed the mobile phone is considered has a necessity and it is considered to be part and parcel of life. This change in scenario is also impacting the health of the adolescents and need to be taken seriously. The aim of the present study is to find the effectiveness of Psycho-education on the knowledge level of nomophobia and its impact among adolescents in selected districts of Gujarat an experimental study.

Materials and Methods: In the present study quantitative experimental research approach was used with pre and posttest with experimental and control group design is used to measure the effectiveness of psycho-education on the knowledge levels of nomophobia and its impact among adolescents in selected districts of Gujarat. Accessible population of the present study was adolescents between the age group of 10 to 19 years studying in the selected schools of Rajkot and Surendranagar districts of Gujarat. Two districts of Rajkot and Surendranagar were conveniently selected from the 33 districts of Gujarat state. The two districts were assigned into experimental and control group by simple random method first to control group and next to experimental group

Surendranagar district was assigned to control group and Rajkot district was assigned to experimental group. Four schools were selected from each district of Rajkot and Surendranagar. All the students studying between 9th to 12th standard of selected schools were selected for the study by adopting total enumeration sampling technique. Total sample size was 1145 adolescents. 575 and 570 students in the experimental and control group respectively. Tools of the present study consisted of demographic profile, nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q), structured knowledge questionnaire and psycho-education. Demographic profile consisted of 12 demographic characteristics of adolescents. Nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) was a standardized tool which consisted of 20 items to assess the level of nomophobia among adolescents. Structured knowledge questionnaire consisted of 25 questions to assess the knowledge level of adolescents.

Psycho-education was prepared in the form of structured teaching programme and presented to the experimental group in the form power point presentations shared in the zoom and Google meet platforms during online classroom presentations. Pretest was done on day 1 to both the experimental and control group. Psycho-education was given on day 1 to the experimental group. Posttest was carried out on day 7th and 30th on both the experimental and control group. Written permission was taken to collect data from the concerned school Principals and online assent was obtained from the participants after providing the full disclosure of the study. Finally 1145 adolescents 575 and 570 in the experimental and control group respectively were available for the analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.

Results: Analysis of the present study indicated that the sample was homogenous in both the experimental and control groups except with regard to monthly family income. Pretest levels of nomophobia revealed that the majority 55.7% and 60.9% of adolescents had moderate level of nomophobia in the experimental and control group respectively. Mean nomophobia scores in the pretest 78.98±26.62 was significantly reduced in the post test I (63.74± 24.68) and posttest II (61.37±22.47) in the experimental group. Whereas in the control group there was no much difference in the mean pretest score (79.19 ±26.35) with mean posttest I (79.11± 26.82) and posttest II (79.01±22.69) score. Overall knowledge score revealed that the pretest mean percentage in the experimental group was found to be 31.32% (7.83±6.069) while in the control group the mean percentage was 30.12% (7.53±4.25).

Comparison between experimental and control group’s mean knowledge scores in posttest I and II reveals that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean pretest knowledge score between experimental (7.83 ±6.069) and control group (7.53 ± 4.25) as evident from t value of -0.963. However, the mean knowledge score of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group at posttest I (20.35 ± 2.77 v/s7.63 ± 4.23), posttest II (20.87 ± 3.39 v/s7.78±4.24) as evident from t value -60.15 at posttest I; -57.66 at posttest II. Thus, it can be concluded that psycho-education had an impact in enhancing the knowledge level of the experimental group subjects as compared to control group who did not receive the psycho-education.

Majority 92.9% in posttest I and 89.6% in posttest II had good knowledge in the experimental group when compared with majority 61.1% (posttest I) and 59.5% (posttest II) had poor knowledge in the control group. Significant association was found between pretest nomophobia score when compared with type of family and religion in experimental group. Significant association was found between pretest nomophobia score when compared with year of study (p=0.004*) in the control group. Significant association was found between pretest knowledge score when compared with gender (p=0.000*) and year of study ((p=0.000*) in the experimental group. Significant association was found between pretest knowledge score when compared with year of study (0.038*), monthly family income (0.022*), duration of mobile phone usage in years (p=0.01*) and duration of using mobile phone per day (p=0.025*) in the control group.

Conclusion and recommendations: Overall posttest II mean percentage in the experimental group was found to be 83.48% (20.87±3.39) while in the control group the mean percentage was 31.12% (7.78±4.24).  This reveals that the psycho-education has great impact in improving the knowledge score of adolescents in the experimental group. Pre-test levels of nomophobia reveal that the more than half of the samples 55.7% and 60.9% had moderate nomophobia in the experimental and control group. Comparison of Pretest nomophobia scores with Posttest I and II within experimental and control group reveals that  there was significant  decreases  in nomophobia  score at posttest I (63.74±24.68) and II (61.37±22.47) as compared to pretest scores(78.98 ±26.6) as evident from p value less than 0.05. However, in the control group there was no significant changes in the nomophobia score from pretest (79.18±26.35) to posttest I (79.10±26.82) and II scores (79.01±26.69). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean pretest knowledge score between experimental (7.83 ±6.069) and control group (7.53 ± 4.25) as evident from t value of -0.963. However, the mean knowledge score of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group at posttest I (20.35 ± 2.77 v/s7.63 ± 4.23), posttest II (20.87 ± 3.39 v/s7.78±4.24) as evident from t value -60.15 at posttest I; -57.66 at posttest II. No significant association was found between pretest nomophobia score when compared with majority of demographic variables except type of family and religion in the experimental group.

No Significant association was found between pre-test nomophobia score when compared with majority of demographic variables except year of study in the control group. No Significant association was found between pretest knowledge score when compared with majority of demographic variables except gender and year of study in the experimental group. Significant association was found between pretest knowledge score when compared with year of study, monthly family income, duration of mobile phone usage in years and duration of using mobile phone per day in the control group. Based on the findings of the study its necessary to provide psycho-education especially among the adolescents to improve the knowledge and to reduce the level of nomophobia in the community and the humankind has a whole

Biography:

Olanrewaju Olamide Popoola has over 3 years in clinical pharmacy practice, research and public health interventions. Currently he works as a Pharmacist at Health Plus limited, where he focuses on providing pharmaceutical care, health and medicine information and filling prescriptions.

Olanrewaju has volunteered with the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria Young Pharmacist Group, and the International Pharmaceutical Students Federation (IPSF). He served as a mentor during the IPSF Global Leaders-in-training where he developed the leadership, communication and research skills of 10 meters from 6 countries. Through His volunteering activities He has impacted over 2,500 pharmacy students and recent pharmacy graduates from over 50 countries.

He has a Bachelor of Pharmacy from Obafemi Awolowo University with certifications in Leadership and Management in health, and Project Management in Health both from the University of Washington. He also has a certification on Health Systems Strengthening from the University of Melbourne in partnership with USAID. He is a fellow of the Young Professionals Boot camp organized by The Platform Nigeria, the Carrington Fellowship of the US Consulate General Lagos and the Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI) RLC West Africa.

Abstract:

Substandard and falsified medicines are a global health concern negatively affecting individuals, the public, the pharmaceutical industry and governments all over the world. This review aims to examine the global prevalence of substandard and falsified medicines, its impact on health and the health system, including socio-economic impacts and strategies for curbing this menace. A literature review of published articles between January 2000 and May 2020 was done with keywords “substandard”, “counterfeit”, and “falsified medicines”. Articles were sourced from PubMed, World Health Organization (WHO) databases and Google Scholar. There are reports of substandard and falsified medicines from all WHO Regions with noticeable prevalence in the African Region.

These medicines have been reported to cause death, antimicrobial resistance, increase prevalence of diseases, and loss of confidence in the health system. Increased patients spending, loss of productivity, strain of limited health systems resources, and loss of government revenue are major socio-economic implications of substandard and falsified medicines. An increase in criminal sanctions, global harmonization of drug regulatory authorities, and appropriate education of healthcare professionals and patients on how to prevent, detect, and respond to reported cases of substandard and falsified medicines are strategies that can be implemented to curb the menace of these medicines. Registered pharmacists and pharmacy students play critical roles in addressing this global health issue.

Biography:

Kriszta Katinka Boros is a Pediatrics residence Doctor, Ph.D. student, was born in Budapest, Hungary. At 2010 she started the Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary. As a medical student she joined to a research group at the I^st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, investigating the role of micro-RNAs in inflammatory bowel disease. After graduating from university at 2016, she started her Ph.D. studies with main interest in body composition and body composition analysis. At 2018 she started the pediatrician training.

Abstract:

Background: Sarcopenia is associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with chronic diseases. BIA (bioimpendance analysis) is a widely accessible, easy to use measure of muscle mass based on whole-body electrical conductivity, and eligible for the diagnosis of sarcopaenia, however no recommendation to adjust for body size has yet available in pediatric population. Standard deviation (SD) score are frequently used in growth follow-up and to compare anthropometrical variables to detect the presence of malnutrition in children with chronic wasting disease.

Our aim was to characterize the body composition parameters in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and to compare muscle mass (SMM) parameters with general pediatric population. Methods: Body composition of normal population (n=307, aged between 9.9 and 19.3 years; 143 males) and of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n=57, aged between 6.7 and 18.7 years; with Crohn’s disease, n=31, with ulcerative colitis n=26) were measured via bioelectrical impedance (In Body 720 device) in a cross-sectional manner. Effect of sex, age, height, weight and BMI were assessed.

Reference tables from body composition parameters were generated using a maximum-likelihood curve-fitting technique for calculating SD scores in accordance with the skewed distribution of the raw data (LMS method) using the Statistic Software. Results: SMM was higher in patients (24.4+-6.34 vs 22.34+-8.38kg; p=0.03) compared to healthy controls. SMM showed a moderately strong correlation with age (R= 0.65; p p<0.05) and a strong correlation with weight (R= 0.9; p<0.05, respectively) and height (R= 0.87; p<0.05). There was a moderately strong correlation between SMM and BMI (R=0.66 p<0.05). In multivariate stepwise, ridge regression analysis, sex and BMI remained the major predictors of SMM (sex: ß= -0.17 p<0.05; BMI: -0.6p<0.05), but not height. SMM of gender-age and BMI adjusted controls did not differ from patients, therefore BMI SD score based reference charts were generated for SMM values. SMM SDS was 0.00±0.08 in the patient population.

Conclusion: SMM could be an easy to measure biomarker of sarcopenia in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Calculation of BMI based SMM SD score serves as an objective estimation of loss in muscle mass in children with wasting diseases. Further follow up studies are needed to determine cut-off values and to prove the predictive role of this novel approach of SMM SDS for sarcopenia diagnostic.

Importance of research As sarcopenia is associated with poor clinical outcomes, measuring body composition, especially muscle mass, will get a high importance in clinical care. There is a lack of uniform definition and diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia in children; therefore we hope this BMI based SMM SD score may contribute to the more precised diagnosis among pediatric patients.

Biography:

Fahim shaltout is from the Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt. He completed Ph.D. of Meat Hygiene Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Moshtohor, Zagazig University, Benha University, Egypt where he focuses on Meat Hygiene and Veterinary Medicine.

Abstract:

Food security all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their food preferences and dietary needs for an active and healthy life Food safety Food free from hazards as pathogenic bacteria viruses, parasites, physical and chemical hazards food Nutrition Food must contain protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals A family is food secure when its members do not live in hunger or fear of hunger Food insecurity is often rooted in poverty and has long-term impacts on the ability of families, communities and countries to develop Prolonged undernourishment stunts growth, slows development and increases susceptibility to illness Today, more than 800 million people across the globe go to bed hungry every night, most of them smallholder farmers who depend on agriculture to make a living and feed their families Growth in the agriculture sector -- from farm to fork -- has been shown to be at least twice as effective in reducing poverty as growth in other sectors protect harvests from pests and disease.

Food Security Equal reducing hunger, malnutrition and poverty around the world fighting hunger and strengthening food security by strengthen agriculture-led growth Government agencies and departments, the private sector, civil society, researchers and universities, and partner governments

Research to improve food security Hunger is an individual-level physiological condition that may result from food insecurity. Helping families and individuals meet their need for a reliable source of quality food and sufficient resources to produce or purchase it.

By addressing the root causes of hunger, increasing economic opportunity and growth among communities Factors affecting food security a changing climate, growing global population, rising food prices, and environmental stressors will have significant yet negative impacts on food security. handling water, land use patterns, food trade, postharvest food processing, food prices and safety are urgently needed Nutritional benefits of meat against the ecological costs of its production Building Local Capacity, Increasing Productivity, and Improving Markets and Trade Training small farmers on plant and animal health systems, risk analysis, and avoiding post-harvest loss; Completing assessments on climate change increasing agricultural productivity a government-wide effort to combat global hunger driving innovative research and technologies.

The COVID-19: pandemic prompted social distancing, workplace closures, and restrictions on mobility and trade that had cascading effects on economic activity, food prices, and employment in low- and middle-income countries. A person infected with COVID-19 is associated with food insecurity, job loss civil war as in Ethiopia Smarter policies for enhanced food security and food system outcomes.

Biography:

Olanrewaju Olamide Popoola has over 3 years in clinical pharmacy practice, research and public health interventions. Currently he works as a Pharmacist at Health Plus limited,  where he focuses on providing pharmaceutical care, health and medicine information and filling prescriptions.

Olanrewaju has volunteered with the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria Young Pharmacist Group, and the International Pharmaceutical Students Federation (IPSF). He served as a mentor during the IPSF Global Leaders-in-training where he developed the leadership, communication and research skills of 10 meters from 6 countries. Through His volunteering activities He has impacted over 2,500 pharmacy students and recent pharmacy graduates from over 50 countries.

He has a Bachelor of Pharmacy from Obafemi Awolowo University with certifications in Leadership and Management in health, and Project Management in Health both from the University of Washington. He also has a certification on Health Systems Strengthening from the University of Melbourne in partnership with USAID. He is a fellow of the Young Professionals Boot camp organized by The Platform Nigeria, the Carrington Fellowship of the US Consulate General Lagos and the Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI) RLC West Africa.

Abstract:

Mental Health: The WHO defined Mental Health as “a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her abilities, can cope with the normal stress of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make contribution to his or her community”

Global Statistics:

• Nearly 50% of all mental health issues globally begin before the age of 14.
• Suicide is one of the 4 leading cause of death in persons aged 15 -29.
• 1 in 6 people globally are age 10 -19.
• 1 in 7 of persons aged 10 -19 experience a mental health disorder.
• COVID-19 increased anxiety and depression rates by 25% globally.

Limitations to addressing Mental Health challenges:

• Stigma
• Low knowledge and awareness of mental illnesses
• Limited prevention programs
• Lack of access to mental health facilities and trained mental health workers.

The Mental Hub Project:

• The Mental Hub Project is an initiative of the health team of 2021 Carrington Fellowship program that aims to train counselors on how to prevent, detect and tackle mental health challenges in adolescents.
• The Carrington fellowship is sponsored by the US Consulate General Lagos and brings together exceptional Nigerian youths with leadership skills to execute sustainable development projects within the community.
• Team members are Boluwatife Adeyemi, Osadebamwen Egaghe, and Olanrewaju Popoola.
• Partners Hacey health initiative, NGUVU health LLC, Women at Risk International Foundation (WARIF).

Summary of the Curriculum:

• Understanding adolescents.
• Strategies to limit mental health challenges in adolescents.
• Effective communication skills.
• Suicide prevention strategies.
• How to tackle mental health challenges caused by sexual assault and rape.

Conclusion: Training counsellors and teachers in high schools to provide basic mental health care and psychosocial support can be effective in reducing mental health challenges in adolescents.

Biography:

Armine Andryan is affiliated in National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, MOH, Armenia, Shirak branch. She is a recipient of many awards and grants for her valuable contributions and discoveries in major area of Health research. Her international experience includes various programs, contributions and participation in different countries for diverse fields of study. Her research interests reflect in her wide range of publications in various national and international journals.

Abstract:

Introduction: Brucellosis is a zooanthroponotic disease endemic to Shirak marz that incurs a heavy economic burden. Within the last ten years, outbreaks of brucellosis were recorded among animals in all 119 communities of Shirak with several cases among humans as well.

Goal: To determine the Epidemiological, Geographic, and clinical specifics of brucellosis to help develop effective countermeasures.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective epidemiological survey examined 208 cases of human brucellosis and 540 people from Shirak who had contact with animals that tested positive for contact with brucellae from 2007-2017. All cases included in this analysis also showed positive serological results (Huddleston++++ and Wright 1:100-1200). The data were subjected to statistical analysis, and the results were mapped using Arc-GIS version 10.1.

Results: Based on the decennial prevalence of brucellosis, which has been mapped, endemic areas having one common source for spread of infection were evaluated. There were 748 total human cases identified—208 presented with symptoms, while 540 were found through epidemiological studies. All recorded cases had a specific clinical picture; sixty people (8%) with positive serological results (Huddleston++++ and Wright 1:100-1200) had symptoms of the disease. For the other 688 (92%) testing positive, the disease was asymptomatic or presented as only nodular erythema or petechial skin rash. Nearly 90 (12%) people with positive agglutination test results had no contact with sick animals or food products of animal origin. In 180 (24%) patients, complaints were not congruent with findings from a physical examination. Of the 748 cases, 382 who had contact with infected animals and initially tested positive for brucellosis exposure showed negative results or had a decreasing titer on a second laboratory test. It is suspected that these individuals self-medicated with antibiotics.

When cases were analyzed over time and plotted geographically, patterns emerged showing periodic (3-4 years) outbreaks in the Ashotsk, Amasia, and Akhuryan communities in Shirak.

Conclusion: To accurately manage the risk of brucellosis, different factors have been studied. One major transmission risk is Lake Arpi, a reservoir in Shirak, which serves as a rich area of pasturage for cattle, sheep, and a few goats. For eight months of the year, herders live in tents and tend their flocks, returning to their homes during the winter months. It is strongly suspected that brucellosis transmission occurs during this period where thousands of animals graze and give birth. Surveys of brucellosis in animals typically do not include sheep and goats because it is harder to obtain blood samples; however, they are believed to be the major hosts and vectors for the bacteria due to the fact that healthy cows become infected after being pastured with sheep. People in frequent contact with infected animals can get chronic brucellosis, which has significant long-term health risks.